The veteran came off second-best after a head clash during the team's loss to Melbourne on Saturday night.
Scans confirmed the fracture and Boyd was sent in for surgery on Monday night.
The club's medical services manager Andrew McKenzie confirmed the nature of the injury on the Bulldogs' website.
"Matthew had a minor fracture to his cheekbone, he required minor surgery last night which has gone well," McKenzie told westernbulldogs.com.au.
"We expect him to miss three to four weeks."
In better news for the Bulldogs, Tom Young and Fletcher Roberts had successful hit-outs in the VFL, having overcome calf and quad injuries respectively.
Koby Stevens and Brett Goodes are also in the mix for selection ahead of this week's match against Greater Western Sydney.
