The versatile 25-year-old only recently returned to the Crows' senior side after missing the first four months of the season with a broken ankle.
Since Henderson's round 16 return he's gained an average of 403 metres per game this season – ranked second at the club behind fellow line-breaker Brodie Smith – and is averaging 22 possessions.
Henderson said he was confident in Adelaide's future and believed the environment at West Lakes would see him play his best football.
“I like where our club is heading,” he told Adelaide's website on Thursday.
“We have a talented young team and a coaching group which I think can bring the best out of me and the rest of the boys.
“I also enjoy the Adelaide lifestyle.”
Crows head of football David Noble said Henderson's versatility made him a huge asset.
Despite being able to play in attack and off a wing, Henderson found his feet at half-back last year as a rebounding defender.
Noble said the club was thrilled to secure his services for an extended period.
“Ricky is such an important player for us and to have him commit for an extended period is great,” he said.
